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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Whether it’s the high-pitched whine of a mosquito or the deep mooing of a cow, we all recognize the many unique (26)____of animals. Scientists have long documented how individuals of the same species communicate with one another. However, we know much less about how different(27)_____communicate with each other in nature without human interference.
Some animals use body language to communicate. For example, honeybees perform a _____(28) to direct other bees to pollen, and dogs use _____(29) to indicate aggression or submission. Other animals (30)_____ primarily through vocalizations, such as bird songs or the howling of wolves. But how do animals’ calls _____ (31)_____with other species nearby, which may have different vocalizations?
Now, researchers have discovered that cross-species communication does in fact take place in the animal kingdom, and it may be much more (32)_____than we previously thought. In a recent study published in the journal “Ecology Letters,” a team of international researchers found that dozens of different species in a small pocket of Indonesian forest appear to be coordinating their nighttime activity schedules in a way that benefits all of them. Specifically, researchers found that at least 20 species of nocturnal Asian birds, mammals and reptiles appear to be communicating with one another to reduce competition for prey and increase their chances of (33)_____one another.
One of the most striking examples of cross-species cooperation observed by the researchers involved the slow loris, a nocturnal primate that’s native to Southeast Asia. Slow lorises are adorable and (34)____, but they’re also highly venomous, making them an unappealing meal for predators like snakes, cats and birds of prey. Slow lorises have a very distinctive vocalization known as a “(35)_____call,” which is thought to help them identify one another.